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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1889 | - 4 Mar 1889 —1893: Benjamin Harrison president of the USA 1889-1893
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| 2 | 1890 | - 1890: In reporting the results of the 1890 census, the Census Bureau announces that the West has been settled and the frontier is closed.
- 2 Jul 1890: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is founded, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president. Sherman Antitrust Act is signed into law, prohibiting commercial monopolies
- 29 Dec 1890: Last major battle of the Indian Wars occurs at Wounded Knee in South Dakota
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| 3 | 1891 | - 1891 : Jesse W. Reno invents the escalator
- 1891 : YMCA trainee James Naismith invents basketball in Springfield, Massachusetts. Within 10 years the indoor team sport was very popular not only among YMCA programs, but also at colleges, high schools and athletic clubs.
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| 4 | 1892 | - 1892 : Sir James Dewar invents the Dewar flask or vacuum flask
- 1892 : Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine
- 1892 : Carnegie Steel Works at Homestead, Pennsylvania lock outs employees in a labor contract dispute, and several strikers and plant guards are killed
- 1892 : Ellis Island opens in New York City and the first of 12 million immigrants passes through its doors, seeking a better life in America.
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| 5 | 1893 | - 1893 : American, W.L. Judson invents the zipper
- 1893 : J. Frank and Charles Duryea build the first successful gasoline-powered automobile in the United States.
- 1893 : The Ferris wheel is introduced at the World's Fair in Chicago, Illinois.
- 4 Mar 1893 —1897: Grover Cleveland president of the USA 1893-1897 The only president to serve two non-consecutive terms of office.
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| 6 | 1894 | - 1894 : American Railway Union members support Pullman Palace Car Company workers in the most notable strike in American history, tying up most of the railroads in the midwestern United States
- 1894 : Economic depression which began the previous year leaves 1 in 5 American workers without a job.
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| 7 | 1895 | - 1895 : Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe. The Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one person
- 1895 : In the first practical demonstration of of large-scale power generation, Westinghouse Electric Co. harnesses the power of Niagara Falls to supply low-cost energy for hundreds of miles.
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| 8 | 1896 | - 1896 : American, H. O'Sullivan invents the rubber heel
- 1896 : Henry Ford drives his first automobile through the streets of Detroit, Michigan.
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| 9 | 1896 | - 18 May 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson: Landmark Supreme Court decision holds that racial segregation is constitutional, paving the way for the repressive Jim Crow laws in the South (May 18).
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| 10 | 1897 | - 4 Mar 1897 —1901: William McKinley president of the USA 1897-1901. William McKinley dies in Buffalo, NY, 1901
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| 11 | 1898 | - 1898: U.S. annexes Hawaii by an act of Congress (July 7).
- 15 Feb 1898: Spanish-American War: USS Maine is blown up in Havana harbor (Feb. 15)
- 25 Apr 1898: U.S. to declare war on Spain (April 25) Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish-American War (Dec. 10); Spain gives up control of Cuba, which becomes an independent republic, and cedes Puerto Rico, Guam, and (for $20 million) the Philippines to the U.S.
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| 12 | 1898 | - 1898 : Edwin Prescott patents the roller coaster
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| 13 | 1899 | - 1899: U.S. acquires American Samoa by treaty with Great Britain and Germany (Dec. 2
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| 14 | 1899 | - 1899 : J.S. Thurman patents the motor-driven vacuum cleaner
- 1899 : I.R. Johnson patents the bicycle frame
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| 15 | 1900 | - 1900 : The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin
- 1900 : Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's escalator and invented the modern escalator
- 1900 : L. Frank Baum writes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
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| 16 | 1901 | - 1901 : King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor
- 1901 : The first radio receiver, successfully received a radio transmission
- 1901 : Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner
- 1901 : Carrie Nation begins a crusade against alcohol, using an ax to demolish the interiors of saloons.
- 6 Sep 1901 —3 Mar 1909: Theodore Roosevelt president of the USA 1901-1909. Theodore Roosevelt, vice president under William McKinley, sworn in as president upon death of McKinley
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| 17 | 1901 | - 4 Mar 1901—6 Sep 1901: McKinley's second inauguration (March 4). He is shot (Sept. 6) by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, N.Y., and later dies from his wounds (Sept. 14). He is succeeded by his vice president, Theodore Roosevelt.
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| 18 | 1902 | - 1902 : Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner
- 1902 : rench physicist George Claude invents neon light
- 1902 : The birth of the Teddy Bear
- 1902 : Congress makes free mail delivery to rural residents a permanent part of the United States postal system.
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| 19 | 1902 | - 1902: The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie
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| 20 | 1903 | - 1903 : Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons
- 1903 : Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens
- 1903 : Mary Anderson invents windshield wipers
- 1903 : William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs
- 1903 : Wright Brothers fly the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
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| 21 | 1903 | - 1903: U.S. acquires Panama Canal Zone (treaty signed Nov. 17)
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| 22 | 1904 | - 1904 : Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan
- 1904 : Benjamin Holt invents a tractor
- 1904 : Ice cream cones are introduced at the St. Louis World's Fair.
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| 23 | 1905 | - 1905 : Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E = mc2
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| 24 | 1906 | - 1906: William Kellogg invents Cornflakes
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| 25 | 1906 | - 18 Apr 1906 : San Francisco earthquake leaves 500 dead or missing and destroys about 4 sq mi of the city (April 18).
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| 26 | 1907 | - 1907 : Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere
- 1907 : The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu
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| 27 | 1908 | - 1908 : The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry
- 1908 : Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger
- 1908 : Model T automobile first sold
- 1908 : J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger counter
- 1908 : Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates
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| 28 | 1908 | - 1908: Bureau of Investigation, forerunner of the FBI, is established
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| 29 | 1909 | - 1909 : Instant coffee invented by G. Washington
- 3 Mar 1909 —1913: William Taft president of the USA 1909-1913. Mrs. Taft has 80 Japanese cherry trees planted along the banks of the Potomac River.
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| 30 | 1910 | - 1910 : Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture
- 1910 : Georges Claude displayed the first neon lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris
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| 31 | 1911 | - 1911: Charles Franklin Kettering invents the first automobile electrical ignition system
- 1911: Chinese revolution begins against the Manchu dynasty, which ruled for three centuries
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| 32 | 1911 | - 1911 : Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen reaches the South Pole
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| 33 | 1912 | - 1912 : Motorized movie cameras invented, and replaced hand-cranked cameras
- 1912 : The first tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole
- 1912 : Clarence Crane created Life Savers candy in 1912
- 1912 : International Radio-Telegraph Conference adapts the Morse Code signal S.O.S. -- 3 dots, 3 dashes, 3 dots -- as the universal signal of distress
- 1912 : The Titanic, strikes an iceberg in the North Atlantic on its maiden voyage and sinks within hours; 1,517 of 2,100 passengers drown
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| 34 | 1913 | - 1913 : The crossword puzzle invented by Arthur Wynne
- 1913 : The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now known as, ecstasy
- 1913 : Mary Phelps Jacob invents the bra
- 1913 : Gideon Sundback invents the modern zipper
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| 35 | 1913 | - 4 Mar 1913—1921: Woodrow Wilson president of the USA 1913-1921
- 8 Apr 1913: Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, providing for the direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote rather than by the state legislatures
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| 36 | 1914 | - 1914—11 Nov 1918: World War I: U.S. enters World War I, Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary vs. Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia. The United States joined on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917 declaring war on Germany (April 6, 1917) and Austria-Hungary (Dec. 7, 1917) three years after conflict began in 1914. Armistice ending World War I is signed (Nov. 11, 1918).
- 15 Aug 1914: Panama Canal opens to traffic (Aug. 15).
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| 37 | 1914 | - 1914 : Garrett A. Morgan invents the Morgan gas mask
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| 38 | 1915 | - 1915 : Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City
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| 39 | 1915 | - 25 Jan 1915: First long distance telephone service, between New York and San Francisco, is demonstrated
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| 40 | 1916 | - 1916: U.S. agrees to purchase Danish West Indies (Virgin Islands) for $25 million (treaty signed Aug. 14)
- 1916: Jeannette Rankin of Montana is the first woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (Nov. 7).
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| 41 | 1916 | - 1916 : Radio tuners invented that received different stations
- 1916 : Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly
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| 42 | 1917 | - 1917 : Vladimir Lenin leads a Bolshevik rebellion to successfully oust the post-czarist Russian provisional government
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| 43 | 1917 | - 5 Mar 1917: Wilson's second inauguration
- 6 Apr 1917—11 Nov 1918: United States declaring war on Germany April 6, 1917
- 7 Nov 1917—11 Nov 1918: United States declaring war on Germany (April 6, 1917) and Austria-Hungary (Dec. 7, 1917) three years after conflict began in 1914
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| 44 | 1918 | - 1918 : Charles Jung invented fortune cookies
- 1918 : Spanish influenza sweeps the globe killing more than 21 million people -- over 1% of the world's population
- 1918 : Shortwave Radio is invented.
- 1918 : United Artists founded in Hollywood by Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith
- 1918 : Jack Dempsey defeats Jess Willard in three rounds for the World Heavyweight Boxing championship
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| 45 | 1919 | - 1919 : The pop-up toaster invented by Charles Strite
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| 46 | 1919 | - 1919: The arc welder invented
- 6 Jan 1919: Theodore Roosevelt died in his sleep on January 6, 1919, at his Long Island estate, Sagamore Hill, after suffering a coronary embolism. He was 60 years old. He was buried at the Youngs Memorial Cemetery in New York.
- 16 Jan 1919: Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor. It is later repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment in 1933
- 18 Aug 1919: Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, granting women the right to vote
- 26 Sep 1919: President Wilson suffers a stroke
- 19 Nov 1919: Treaty of Versailles, outlining terms for peace at the end of World War I, is rejected by the Senate
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| 47 | 1920 | - 1920 : The tommy gun patented by John T Thompson
- 1920 : The Band-Aid invented by Earle Dickson
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| 48 | 1921 | - 1921 : Artificial life begins -- the first robot built
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| 49 | 1921 | - 1921: Insulin invented by Sir Frederick Grant Banting
- 4 Mar 1921—2 Aug 1921: Warren G. Harding is inaugurated as the 29th president. President Harding dies suddenly (Aug. 2). Warren Harding dies of an embolism in San Francisco. He had taken ill on 31 Jul 1921 He is succeeded by his vice president, Calvin Coolidge.
- 3 Aug 1921—1929: Calvin Coolidge president of the USA 1921-1929. Calvin Coolidge, vice president under Warren Harding, sworn in as president the day after Harding dies
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| 50 | 1922 | - 1922 : The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released
- 1922 : Joseph Stalin elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party
- 1922 : Excavation begins on the tomb of ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamen near Luxor, Egypt
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| 51 | 1923 | - 1923 : Garrett A. Morgan invents a traffic signal
- 1923 : John Harwood invented the self-winding watch
- 1923 : Clarence Birdseye invents frozen food
- 1923 : Major earthquake destroys Tokyo and Yokohama, Japan, killing 143,000
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| 52 | 1923 | - 1923: The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by Vladimir Kosma Zworykin
- Oct 1923: Teapot Dome scandal breaks, as Senate launches an investigation into improper leasing of naval oil reserves during Harding administration (Oct.)
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| 53 | 1924 | - 1924 : The dynamic loudspeaker invented by Rice and Kellogg
- 1924 : Notebooks with spiral bindings invented
- 1924 : First winter Olympics opens in Chamonix, France
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| 54 | 1925 | - 1925 : George Washington Carver receives patents for manufacture of paints and stains from clays and minerals
- 1925 : Paris Exposition opens, providing a venue for and giving name to "art deco"
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| 55 | 1925 | - 1925: Tennessee passes a law against the teaching of evolution in public schools (March 23), setting the stage for the Scopes Monkey Trial (July 10–25).
- 4 Mar 1925—1929: Coolidge's second inauguration
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| 56 | 1926 | - 1926 : Robert H. Goddard invents liquid-fueled rockets
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| 57 | 1927 | - 1927 : JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch
- 1927 : Technicolor invented
- 1927 : Erik Rotheim patents an aerosol can
- 1927 : Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock
- 1927 : Philip Drinker invents the iron lung
- 1927 : Charles Lindbergh arrives in Paris and is greeted by ecstatic crowds after a 33 hour non-stop flight from New York City
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| 58 | 1927 | - 1927: Philo Taylor Farnsworth invents a complete electronic TV system.
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| 59 | 1928 | - 1928 : Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
- 1928 : Bubble gum invented by Walter E. Diemer
- 1928 : Jacob Schick patented the electric shaver
- 1928 : Chinese Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek captures Peking, effectively ending centuries of control of Northern China by feudal warlords
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| 60 | 1929 | - 1929 : American, Paul Galvin invents the car radio
- 1929 : Yo-Yo re-invented as an American fad
- 29 Oct 1929 : "Black Tuesday," the American stock market crashes plunging the country into the Great Depression
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| 61 | 1929 | - 4 Mar 1929—1933: Herbert Hoover president of the USA 1929-1933
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| 62 | 1930 | - 1930 : Scotch tape patented by 3M engineer Richard G. Drew
- 1930 : The "differential analyzer", or analog computer invented by Vannevar Bush at MIT in Boston
- 1930 : Frank Whittle and Dr Hans von Ohain both invent a jet engine
- 1930 : German National Elections, Adolf Hitler's National Socialist Party wins 95 seats in the Reichstag
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| 63 | 1931 | - 1931 : Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography
- 1931 : Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the electron microscope
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| 64 | 1931 | - 3 Mar 1931: The Star-Spangled Banner is adopted as the national anthem of the United States
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| 65 | 1932 | - 1932 : Polaroid photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land
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| 66 | 1932 | - 1932: Hattie Wyatt Caraway of Arkansas is the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of her husband (Jan. 12). She is reelected in 1932 and 1938
- 21 May 1932: . Amelia Earhart completes first solo nonstop transatlantic flight by a woman (May 21)
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| 67 | 1933 | - 1933 : Frequency modulation (FM radio) invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong
- 1933 : Stereo records invented
- 4 Mar 1933 —1945: Franklin Roosevelt president of the USA 1933-1945
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| 68 | 1933 | - 1933: Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution, sometimes called the “Lame Duck Amendment,†is ratified, moving the president's inauguration date from March 4 to Jan. 20
- 9 Mar 1933: New Deal recovery measures are enacted by Congress (March 9–June 16)
- 5 Dec 1933: Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, repealing Prohibition (Dec. 5).
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| 69 | 1934 | - 1934 : Charles Darrow claims he invented the game Monopoly
- 1934 : Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting - first magnetic recording
- 1934 : Adolf Hitler becomes President of Germany
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| 70 | 1935 | - 1935: Works Progress Administration is established (April 8
- 1935: Social Security Act is passed (Aug. 14)
- 1935: Bureau of Investigation (established 1908) becomes the Federal Bureau of Investigation under J. Edgar Hoover
- 1935: Persia official changes it's name to Iran
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| 71 | 1935 | - 1935 : Wallace Carothers and DuPont Labs invents nylon (polymer 6.6.)
- 1935 : The first canned beer made
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| 72 | 1936 | - 1936 : Bell Labs invents the voice recognition machine
- 1936 : Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver
- 1936 : Jessie Owens wins four gold medals in the Olympic Games in Berlin
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| 73 | 1937 | - 1937 : Chester F. Carlson invents the photocopier
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| 74 | 1937 | - 20 Jan 1937—1941: F. Roosevelt's second inauguration
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| 75 | 1938 | - 1938: The ballpoint pen invented by Ladislo Biro
- 1938: Fair Labor Standards Act is passed, setting the first minimum wage in the U.S. at 25 cents per hour (June 25).
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| 76 | 1938 | - 1938 : Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or Teflon
- 1938 : Nescafe or freeze-dried coffee invented
- 1938 : The Volkswagen (People's Car) factory dedicated in Wolfsburgh, Germany; this low cost, beetle designed by Ferdinand Porsche on commission from Adolf Hitler
- 1938 : German physicists, led by Otto Hahn, produce the first nuclear fission of uranium
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| 77 | 1939 | - 1939 : Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful helicopter
- 5 Sep 1939 —1945: World War II begins. Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan vs. Major Allied Powers: United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia. 1939-1945
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| 78 | 1940 | - 1940 : Peter Goldmark invents modern color television system
- 1940 : Karl Pabst invents the jeep
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| 79 | 1941 | - 1941 : Konrad Zuse's Z3, the first computer controlled by software
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| 80 | 1941 | - 20 Jan 1941: F. Roosevelt's third inauguration, He is the first and only president elected to a third term
- 7 Dec 1941: Japan attacks Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines
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| 81 | 1942 | - 1942 : John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first electronic digital computer
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| 82 | 1942 | - Oct 1942: Germany and Italy declare war on the United States; U.S. reciprocates by declaring war on both countries (Dec. 11). Allies invade North Africa (Oct.–Dec. 1942) and Italy (Sept.–Dec. 1943). Allies invade France on D-Day (June 6, 1944).
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| 83 | 1943 | - 1943 : Richard James invents the slinky
- 1943 : James Wright invent silly putty
- 1943 : Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD
- 1943 : Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau invent the aqualung
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| 84 | 1944 | - 1944 : The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff
- 1944 : Synthetic cortisone invented by Percy Lavon Julian
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| 85 | 1945 | - 20 Jan 1945—1951: F. Roosevelt's fourth inauguration
- 12 Apr 1945: President Roosevelt dies of a stroke (April 12) and is succeeded by his vice president, Harry Truman.
- 12 Apr 1945—1953: Harry Truman inaugurated
- 7 May 1945: Germany surrenders unconditionally (May 7)
- 16 Jul 1945: First atomic bomb is detonated at Alamogordo, N.M.
- 6 Aug 1945: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (Aug. 6)
- 9 Aug 1945: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan (Aug. 9)
- 14 Aug 1945: Japan agrees to unconditional surrender (Aug. 14)
- 24 Oct 1945: United Nations is established (Oct. 24).
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| 86 | 1946 | - 1946 : The microwave oven invented by Percy Spencer
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| 87 | 1946 | - 4 Jul 1946: The Philippines, which had been ceded to the U.S. by Spain at the end of the Spanish-American War, becomes an independent republic (July 4).
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| 88 | 1947 | - 1947: British/Hungarian scientist, Dennis Gabor, developed the theory of holography
- 1947: Central Intelligence Agency is established.
- 1947: Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invent the transistor
- 18 Jul 1947: Presidential Succession Act is signed into law by President Truman (July 18).
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| 89 | 1947 | - 1947 : Mobile phones first invented
- 1947 : Earl Silas Tupper patented the Tupperware seal
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| 90 | 1948 | - 1948 : The Frisbee® invented by Walter Frederick Morrison and Warren Franscioni
- 1948 : Velcro ® invented by George de Mestral
- 1948 : Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer jukebox
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| 91 | 1948 | - 2 Apr 1948: Congress passes foreign aid bill including the Marshall Plan, which provides for European postwar recovery (April 2).
- 24 Jun 1948: Soviets begin blockade of Berlin in the first major crisis of the cold war (June 24).
- 26 Jun 1948: In response, U.S. and Great Britain begin airlift of food and fuel to West Berlin (June 26).
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| 92 | 1949 | |
| 93 | 1949 | - 20 Jan 1949: Truman's second inauguration (Jan. 20).
- 4 Apr 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is established (April 4).
- 12 May 1949: Soviets end blockade of Berlin (May 12), but airlift continues until Sept. 30.
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| 94 | 1950 | - 1950 —1953: Korean War: United States (as part of the United Nations) and South Korea vs. North Korea and Communist China 1950-1953
- 1950 : The first credit card (Diners) invented by Ralph Schneider
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| 95 | 1950 | - May 1950: Vietnam War: Prolonged conflict between Communist forces of North Vietnam, backed by China and the USSR, and non-Communist forces of South Vietnam, backed by the United States. President Truman authorizes $15 million in economic and military aid to the French, who are fighting to retain control of French Indochina, including Vietnam. As part of the aid package, Truman also sends 35 military advisers
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| 96 | 1951 | - 1951 : Super glue invented
- 1951 : Power steering invented by Francis W. Davis
- 1951 : Charles Ginsburg invented the first videotape recorder (VTR)
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| 97 | 1951 | - 27 Feb 1951: Twenty-Second Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, limiting the president to two terms
- 11 Apr 1951: President Truman removes Gen. Douglas MacArthur as head of U.S. Far East Command (April 11, 1951)
- 4 Sep 1951: President Truman speaks in first coast-to-coast live television broadcast
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| 98 | 1952 | - 1952 : Mr. Potato Head patented
- 1952 : The first patent for bar code (US Patent #2,612,994) issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver
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| 99 | 1952 | - 25 Jul 1952: Puerto Rico becomes a U.S. commonwealth
- 1 Nov 1952: Edward Teller and team build the hydrogen bomb First hydrogen bomb is detonated by the U.S. on Eniwetok, an atoll in the Marshall Islands (Nov. 1).
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| 100 | 1953 | - 1953 : Radial tires invented
- 1953 : The first musical synthesizer invented by RCA
- 1953 : Transistor radio invented by Texas Instruments
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| 101 | 1953 | - 20 Jan 1953—1961: Dwight Eisenhower is inaugurated as the 34th president
- 19 Jun 1953: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are executed for passing secret information about U.S. atomic weaponry to the Soviets
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| 102 | 1954 | - 1954 : Oral contraceptives invented
- 1954 : The first nonstick pan produced
- 1954 : The solar cell invented by Chaplin, Fuller and Pearson
- 1954 : Ray Kroc started McDonalds
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| 103 | 1954 | - 1954: Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy accuses army officials, members of the media, and other public figures of being Communists during highly publicized hearings (April 22–June 17)
- 1954: Board of Education of Topeka, Kans.: Landmark Supreme Court decision declares that racial segregation in schools is unconstitutional (May 17).
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| 104 | 1955 | - 1955 : Optic fiber invented
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| 105 | 1956 | - 1956 : The first computer hard disk used
- 1956 : The hovercraft invented by Christopher Cockerell
- 1956 : Bette Nesmith Graham invented "Mistake Out", later renamed Liquid Paper, to paint over mistakes made with a typewriter
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| 106 | 1957 | - 1957 : Fortran (computer language) invented
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| 107 | 1957 | - 21 Jan 1957—1961: Eisenhower's second inauguration
- 24 Sep 1957: President sends federal troops to Central High School in Little Rock, Ark., to enforce integration of black students
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| 108 | 1958 | - 1958 : The modem invented
- 1958 : Gordon Gould invents the laser
- 1958 : The Hula Hoop invented by Richard Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin
- 1958 : The integrated circuit invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
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| 109 | 1958 | - 31 Jan 1958: Explorer I, first American satellite, is launched
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| 110 | 1959 | - 1959 : The internal pacemaker invented by Wilson Greatbatch
- 1959 : Barbie Doll invented
- 1959 : Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce both invent the microchip
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| 111 | 1959 | - 3 Jan 1959: Alaska becomes the 49th state (Jan. 3) and Hawaii becomes the 50th (Aug. 21).
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| 112 | 1960 | - 1960 —1975: USA Vietnam War Begins
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| 113 | 1964 | - 2 Aug 1964: North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attack U.S. destroyer in Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam
- 7 Aug 1964: Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures necessary to defend U.S. forces and prevent further aggression (Aug. 7)
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| 114 | 1965 | - 8 Mar 1965: First U.S. combat troops arrive in South Vietnam (March 8–9)
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| 115 | 1968 | - Jan 1968: North Vietnamese army and Viet Cong launch Tet Offensive, attacking Saigon and other key cities in South Vietnam (Jan.–Feb. 1968).
- 16 Mar 1968: American soldiers kill 300 Vietnamese villagers in My Lai massacre (March 16)
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| 116 | 1973 | - 27 Jan 1973: Representatives of North and South Vietnam, the Viet Cong, and the U.S. sign a cease-fire agreement in Paris
- 29 Mar 1973: Last U.S. troops leave Vietnam (March 29)
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| 117 | 1975 | - 30 Apr 1975: South Vietnamese government surrenders to North Vietnam; U.S. embassy Marine guards and last U.S. civilians are evacuated (April 30, 1975)
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Oldham Family History
1890 - Yes, date unknown